Friday, February 6, 2026

SAMA HOOLE: The Lakota were feeding lean scraps to their dogs 200 years ago. You're paying premium prices for it today and calling it healthy.

Try to make pemmican with less fat and it doesn't preserve as well. More importantly, it doesn't nourish as well. The men who later traverse the continent on pemmican rations understand this instinctively. The fat is the fuel. The protein is just the structure that holds the fat. --Sama Hoole
1820s, Great Plains. A Lakota hunting party has killed a buffalo. This is a successful hunt. The entire village will eat well. Except the hunters are making decisions that would horrify a modern nutritionist. They take the tongue first. This is the prize. Fatty, dense, rich. It's divided among the hunters immediately, often eaten raw on the spot. Then they go for the organ meats. Liver, kidneys, heart. The fat deposits around the kidneys are particularly prized. Hunters will argue over who gets the kidney fat. Then comes the backstrap. The prime cuts. The ribeye sections. But even here, they're selective. The fattier portions are kept. The leaner portions are often left or given to dogs. The lean muscle meat, what modern grocery stores sell as "premium" cuts, is considered the lowest quality part of the animal. It's taken because it's there and waste is foolish, but it's not celebrated. Much of it will be dried into jerky, but even then, it will be mixed with rendered fat before consumption. Straight lean jerky is considered poverty food, what you eat when nothing better is available. The hunting party returns to camp with specific portions. The women begin processing immediately. The fat is rendered and stored. This is valuable beyond measure. Pemmican, the legendary survival food that will later fuel the entire North American fur trade, is roughly 50% rendered fat to 50% dried lean meat. That ratio isn't arbitrary. It's what works. It's what keeps you alive. Try to make pemmican with less fat and it doesn't preserve as well. More importantly, it doesn't nourish as well. The men who later traverse the continent on pemmican rations understand this instinctively. The fat is the fuel. The protein is just the structure that holds the fat. When lean times come and buffalo are scarce, the Lakota hunt smaller game. Rabbits are abundant. You can kill rabbits all day. But the elders warn the young hunters: rabbits will not sustain you. Rabbit is lean. If rabbits are all you eat, you will starve with a full belly. The term "rabbit starvation" will later be coined by Europeans who learn this lesson the hard way. The Lakota don't need a term for it. They just know. Lean meat without fat is a slow death. Fattier animals are always preferred. Always prioritised. Always celebrated. When the buffalo herds are destroyed in the 1870s and 1880s, the US government provides beef rations to displaced tribes. The beef is lean. Carefully trimmed. The government agents think they're providing quality food. The Native Americans recognise it as trash meat. The fat has been removed and sold separately. They're being given what their culture always fed to dogs. The health collapse that follows isn't just about forced relocation and cultural destruction. It's about being forced to eat a diet their ancestors would have recognized as starvation rations. Lean meat, government flour, sugar. Within one generation, people who had been robust and strong become shorter, sicker, weaker. Your great-great-grandparents knew which parts of the animal to eat first. They knew fat was essential. They knew lean meat alone would kill you. Then nutritional science came along and decided they were wrong. Decided fat was dangerous and lean protein was ideal. Decided to throw away thousands of years of survival knowledge because it didn't fit the lipid hypothesis.

The Lakota were feeding lean scraps to their dogs 200 years ago. You're paying premium prices for it today and calling it healthy. 

DR. TOM COWAN: Is your heart a pressure valve?

Thursday, February 5, 2026

MASSIMO: The uphill effort recruits far more muscle fibers—especially in the glutes, hamstrings, quads, and core—as your body fights gravity with every step


If silver created empires, why did the empire with the most silver collapse first?  And how did a country with almost no silver mines build the largest empire in history?  Spain owned the silver.  Britain controlled the system.  This is the part of history that rarely gets taught.  Britain did not conquer the world by digging precious metals out of the ground.  It did not possess silver reserves like Spain, Mexico, or Peru.  In fact, Britain entered the global economy with a serious disadvantage.  It needed silver to trade but had almost none of its own. And yet by the 19th century, Britain had positioned itself at the center of global Commerce.  Trade flowed through its ships.  Payments passed through its institutions.  Markets moved according to its rules.  Silver passed through British hands even when it was mined elsewhere.  Meanwhile, China, the world's largest consumer economy at the time, demanded silver for nearly everything it's sold: tea, silk, porcelain; all paid for in bullion.  Silver drained Eastward threatening to bankrupt European powers. This should have ended Britain's rise.  Instead, it forced Britain to invent a new kind of power.  Rather than chasing silver mines, Britain learned how to control silver's movement.  It reshaped trade, finance, shipping, and settlement, so that silver flowed where Britain needed it to flow. Ownership became irrelevant.  Access became everything.  This is not a story about resources.  It's a story about systems because once you control how money moves you no longer need to own it and that is how Britain control the world silver without ever owning it.  To understand how Britain controlled the world silver, we first have to understand what silver actually was in the 18th and 19th centuries.  It was not an investment asset.  It was not a store of value competing with gold.  Silver was money itself.  Gold existed but it did not circulate widely.  It was too concentrated, too scarce, and too disconnected from everyday economic life.  Silver by contrast moved constantly.  It paid soldiers.  It collected taxes.  It settled trade between nations.  If gold represented wealth, silver represented function.  Across Europe and Asia, governments relied on silver to operate.  Armies were paid in silver coin. Bureaucrats were salaried in silver.  Trade balances were settled in silver bullion.  Without it, states could not fight Wars, administered territory, or maintain stability.  Losing silver did not just reduce wealth, it reduced the ability to function.