— St. Michael, the Archangel (@aveng_angel) October 19, 2025
There is no sodium potassium pump. There is the observation that sodium accumulates in the extracellular OR extra tissue medium and is low inside the cell as opposed to potassium, which is high inside and low outside of the cell. And that does create the charge that allows the tissues to be electrically charged, which is the foundation of life. And having read Gilbert N. Ling, who is one of the best biologists whoever lived, one of the only two that I listened to or believe in a sense, or follow, which is Ling and Harold Hillman, "New Considerations About the Structure of the Membrane of the Living Animal Cell," Harold Hillman, NMR, 1994. He did his PhD thesis proving there is no sodium potassium pump. And Hillman went on to prove there are no pumps, receptors, proteins sticking out, whirly gigs, etc., in the cell membrane. There is no photographs of them. All you see are cartoons and all you see is the observation. There's different amounts of sodium inside and outside, therefore there must be a pump. And then they make up a cartoon to prove it, and they miss the whole thing.