Generally testosterone is immunosuppressive but estrogen is immunoenhancing.

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There are also gender-dependent immunological factors. For example, we now know that sex hormones impact our immune response. Generally testosterone is immunosuppressive but estrogen is immunoenhancing. The immune system in women, perhaps as a result of being potential hosts of babies, generally does a better job both in identifying external pathogens (particularly viruses) and in managing the complement system and cytokine (stress signaling messenger molecules) storms afterwards which often lead to severity of the disease. But in aged women, reproductive function is not required so enhanced immune reactivity makes older females less vulnerable to viral infections and cancers but more prone to autoimmune diseases as well as adverse reactions to (injuries by) gender-blind vaccines.