SAMA HOOLE: Fructose metabolism: Goes straight to the liver: Unlike glucose (which every cell can use), fructose is processed almost entirely by the liver.

"Did you know fructose bypasses insulin?! This means fruit sugar is superior!" Yes. Fructose bypasses insulin and goes straight to your liver. Where it's converted to fat through de novo lipogenesis. This isn't a feature. This is how you get fatty liver disease. Glucose at least gets used by muscles immediately. Fructose goes to your liver, gets turned into triglycerides, and stored.

You've just discovered the mechanism by which chronic fructose consumption causes metabolic syndrome. --Sama Hoole

"But fruit is natural! Humans evolved eating it!"

Barely. And the fruit we evolved with was nothing like modern fruit.

Wild berries: Small, sparse, seasonal, mostly seed with minimal flesh. Maybe 6g fructose per 100g if you're lucky. Available 2-3 months per year.

Modern… pic.twitter.com/I8xhMBbQsQ

— Sama Hoole (@SamaHoole) December 4, 2025

"But fruit is natural! Humans evolved eating it!" Barely. And the fruit we evolved with was nothing like modern fruit. Wild berries: Small, sparse, seasonal, mostly seed with minimal flesh. Maybe 6g fructose per 100g if you're lucky. Available 2-3 months per year. Modern fruit: Year-round, bred for sweetness, minimal seeds, 15-20g fructose per 100g. An apple is a weapon of mass metabolic destruction compared to what our ancestors found. Fructose metabolism: Goes straight to the liver: Unlike glucose (which every cell can use), fructose is processed almost entirely by the liver. Converts to fat: The liver turns excess fructose into triglycerides. This creates fatty liver, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Doesn't trigger satiety: Glucose signals fullness. Fructose doesn't. This is why you can eat fruit until you're sick and still want more. Feeds de novo lipogenesis: Your body literally makes new fat from fructose. This is the mechanism behind "how do gorillas get fat eating plants?" They eat massive amounts of fructose. You don't want to be a gorilla. "But honey is ancestral!" Yes. And our ancestors raided bee hives maybe twice a year and got stung to shit in the process. They weren't buying jars at Tesco and having it daily. The dose makes the poison. A small amount of honey occasionally? Probably fine. Daily fruit smoothies because "it's natural"? You're giving yourself metabolic syndrome with extra vitamins. Fructose is fructose. Whether it's in an apple, a Coke, or honey. Your liver processes it the same way. The "but it's natural!" argument is meaningless. Arsenic is natural. Doesn't mean you should eat it. If you want optimal metabolic health, fruit is unnecessary at best and problematic at worst. You don't need it. You're just addicted to sugar and using "but vitamins!" as justification.