Excellent discussion on the evil of the greater good idea.
What about this argument that we have to lose our freedoms for the common good? Individual and societal evils cannot justify the greater good. They are fundamentally opposed ideas but individuals and people, even churches, can be diluted and scared and traumatized into believing that the harm they do is for the greater or the common good.
Now I have to say that the churches that are demanding vaccine passports cannot be following the same Jesus I follow; they've got to be following some other Jesus because Jesus went out into the crowds touched the lepers and healed them.
By repeating the harms, for example, loss of our freedoms and liberties, the common good delusion is normalized, and the people become desensitized to harm and Evil.
For example, in 1930s Germany, the Nazi party member, Hans B. was writing to his sister in France,
In our nation, the priority is not on the individual and what benefits him, but on the common good, the Volk and Germany.
This is what it led to. Two posters from Nazi Germany " for the common good." Which can easily be interpreted that if there is something about you that is uncommon, or possess a trait that is uncommonly not German, then you belong in another social category.
The one on the left has this healthy, or vaccinated you might say, German guy, holding, as if it is a burden, the disabled on his shoulders. It reads, "A genetically ill [meaning unvaccinated, since the "vaccines" are genetic shots] individual costs approximately 50,000 Reichasmaks by age of 60." Of course, this was eugenics propaganda. On the right,
The Toronto Star employed Ernest Hemmingway when he went to Paris as the Toronto Star correspondent. But now it has become a corrupt woke organization that carries headlines like
"Unvaccinated Patients Do Not Deserve ICU Beds."
and
"I Have No Sympathy for the Willfully Unvaccinated. Let Them Die."
As a physician, I've got to ask, what about the willfully obese? What about the willful smoker? Do patients with alcohol cirrhosis deserve ICU beds? Obviously, they do. As physicians, of course, we tell
Written by Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani during preparation for the Second Vatican Council that began in 1963.
Why is knowledge of traditional Catholic doctrine on the proper relationship between Church and State important for men and women working to dismantle the globalist police state revealed through Covid-19?
The people who planned and launched the Covid-19 cull-and-control war on humanity, allied with Satan in opposition to Almighty God, could not have done it if the Roman Catholic Church had not been eviscerated beforehand, to remove the Church as a worldwide force for societal and spiritual protection of human beings.
Covert inversions of Church authority, teachings, traditions, laws and liturgy were necessary preconditions for the covert inversions of civil authority and civil law that followed, just as the inversion of civil authority and civil law were necessary preconditions for the establishment of fraud, theft, torture, slavery and murder as global State policy and practice.
Corollary:
The globalists’ project — to continue using fraud, torture and murder to consolidate earthly power, ruin human lives, and damn human souls — will advance and spread for as long as the Roman Catholic Church remains in a corrupt state of moral incoherence about the proper relationship between Church and State.
Put another way, the Roman Catholic Church is the only human institution on the face of the earth that has ever had, and still has, the capacity to stand in pastoral defense of the temporal lives and immortal souls of human beings, against the depredations of Satan and the idolatrous technocratic State.
Specifically, “public health” laws are, in truth, anti-laws that falsely claim to legalize fraud, theft, torture, slavery and murder by using false rubrics about the common good, charity, justice, civil authority, and the relationship between man and society.
"The instinct of justice in the human heart is so deep that, even in great deeds of injustice, the villains wear the mantle of justice." - Life of Christ, Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen (1954)
At the same time, it’s become far more discernible — as revealed by Covid-19 and strong participation in the global fraud, torture and mass murder campaign by Catholic institutional leaders — that reforms to Church doctrine, teachings, and liturgy adopted since the 1960s are, in truth, covert mechanisms that have almost completely eliminated the earthly, pastoral power of the Church to cooperate with divine grace, uphold divine law, and protect the flock of the Good Shepherd from being deceived, tortured, killed and eternally damned.
More succinctly: Conversion of civil law to civil anti-law was made possible by intentional, planned changes to Church doctrine and function, and civil laws have failed to protect victims from State criminals, because the Church has failed to properly guide the State in the exercise of legislative, executive, judicial and law enforcement functions.
In an appendix, Archbishop Lefebvre published a translation of a theological schema written by Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani during two years of preparation for the Second Vatican Council, which began in October 1963.
The Ottaviani schema proposed a framework for the council to transmit many centuries of Catholic teaching about the proper relationship between Church and State in both Catholic and non-Catholic countries, from antiquity and the Middle Ages into the modern world.
The Ottaviani schema was set aside during council deliberations in favor of alternatives that untethered State civil authority from Catholic doctrine but obscured the untethering through deceptively-worded theological documents.
Just as public health laws have untethered State civil authority from its proper function (protection of the temporal well-being of citizens and support for their moral and spiritual development) to instead exercise false liberties (theft, enslavement, corruption and murder), and obscured the untethering from public view through deceptively-worded legal instruments.
Archbishop Lefebvre was a vigorous participant in Vatican Council deliberations, fighting at Cardinal Ottaviani’s side for the preservation of sound Catholic tradition against indifferentist, liberal, modernist, Communist, and other errors. He witnessed the infiltration and corruption of the process and incisively anticipated (and then documented) the rotten fruits that would be borne of the disfigured branches in the decades that followed the close of the council in December 1965.
To the extent that a “re-set” of human civilization is underway, the Ottaviani schema is a useful moral and historical benchmark buried by 60 years of intentional sand-kicking by Bank for International Settlements (BIS) owners, Freemasons, and their colleagues in many other transnational secret organizations.
As Archbishop Lefebvre wrote in his introductory note:
“[The Ottoviani schema] represents the state of Catholic doctrine on the eve of Vatican II and expresses substantially the doctrine that the Council would have had to propose if it had not been turned away from its purpose by the coup d'Etat of those who made of it the "States general of the people of God," a second 1789.”
On the Relations Between the Church and the State and On Religious Tolerance. (PDF)
Most Eminent and Reverend Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, Chairman
N.B. The doctrinal schema presented by Cardinal Ottaviani comprised in its original Latin version was 7 pages of text and 16 pages of references, going from Pius VI (1790) to John XXIII (1959). It was set aside from the first session of the Council, to the benefit of the schema drawn up by the Secretariat for Christian Unity under Cardinal Bea. This latter schema, which was intended to be pastoral, extended to 14 pages, without any reference to the Magisterium1that preceded it.
The Ottaviani schema does not enjoy a magisterial authority, but it represents the state of Catholic doctrine on the eve of Vatican II and expresses substantially the doctrine that the Council would have had to propose if it had not been turned away from its purpose by the coup d'Etat of those who made of it the "States general of the people of God," a second 1789!2
Let us add finally that the Council would have been able to bring to this statement all useful points of precision or improvements.
1. Principle: Distinction between the Church and civil society, and subordination of the goal of the city to the goal of the Church.
Man, destined by God for a supernatural end, needs both the Church and civil society to attain his full perfection. Civil society, to which man belongs because of his social character, must watch over earthly goods and act in such a way that, on this earth, the citizens can lead a "calm and peaceful life."
The Church, into which man must incorporate himself because of his supernatural vocation, has been founded by God in order that, always expanding more and more, it may lead its faithful by its doctrine, its sacraments, its prayer, and its laws, to their eternal end.
Each of these two societies is rich with the necessary resources to accomplish its own mission as it should. Each is also perfect, that is to say, supreme in its class and thus, independent of the other, holding the legislative, judicial, and executive powers. This distinction of the two cities, as a constant tradition teaches it, rests on the words of the Lord: "Render therefore to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's."
Nevertheless, as these two societies exercise their power over the same persons and often with regard to one same object, they cannot ignore each other. They must even proceed in perfect harmony, in order to flourish themselves, no less than their common members.
The Holy Council, with the intention of teaching which relations must exist between these two powers, according to the nature of each of them, declares in the very first place the firm obligation of holding that both the Church and civil society have been instituted for the usefulness of man; that temporal happiness, entrusted to the care of the civil authority, nevertheless is worth nothing for man if he is going to lose his soul.
Therefore the end of civil society must never be sought by excluding or by endangering the ultimate end, namely, eternal salvation.
2. The power of the Church and its limits; the duties of the Church toward the civil authority.
As the power of the Church thus extends to everything that leads men to eternal salvation; as that which concerns only temporal happiness is placed, as such, under the civil authority; it follows from this that the Church is not concerned with temporal realities, except to the extent they are ordered to the supernatural end. As for the acts ordered to the end of the Church as well as to that of the city, like marriage, the education of children, and other similar things, the rights of the civil authority must be exercised in such a way that, in the judgment of the Church, the higher goods of the supernatural order do not undergo any injury.
In the other temporal activities which, divine law remaining unharmed, can be considered or accomplished legitimately and diverse manners, the Church does not interfere with them in any way. Guardian of its own rights, perfectly respectful of the rights of others, the Church does not reckon that there belongs to it the choice of a form of government, or that of the institutions proper to the civil domain of the Christian nations: of the diverse forms of government, it does not disapprove of any, on the condition that religion and morals are safe. Likewise, indeed, as the Church does not renounce its own liberty, in the same way it does not prevent the civil authority from freely making use of its laws and its rights.
What great benefits the Church procures for civil society while accomplishing its mission, the heads of nations should recognize. Indeed, the Church itself cooperates in the citizens becoming good by their virtue and their Christian piety. If they are such as Christian doctrine prescribes, in the testimony of St. Augustine, beyond any doubt, great will be the public welfare. The Church also imposes onto the citizens the obligation of complying with legitimate orders "not only through fear of chastisement, but from a motive of conscience."
As for those to whom the government of the country has been entrusted, it warns them of the obligation to exercise their function, not through the desire for power, but for the good of the citizens, as having to render an account to God, of their power received from God. Finally, the Church inculcates the observance as well of the natural laws as of the supernatural ones, thanks to which all civil order, and order among citizens and among the nations, can be realized in peace and in justice.
3. Religious duties of the civil authority.
The civil authority cannot be indifferent with regard to religion. Instituted by God in order to help men acquire a truly human perfection, it must not only supply its subjects with the possibility of procuring temporal goods for themselves, either material or intellectual, but besides favor the abundance of spiritual goods, permitting people to lead a human life in a religious manner.
Now, among these goods, nothing is more important than to know and to recognize God, and then to fulfill one's duties towards God: here indeed is the foundation of all private and, still more, public virtue.
These duties towards God oblige, towards the divine Majesty, not only each one of the citizens but also the civil authority, which, in its public acts, incarnates civil society. God is indeed the author of civil society and the source of all the goods which flow down through it to its members. Civil society must therefore honor and serve God. As for the manner of serving God, this can be no other, in the present economy, than that which He Himself has determined, as obligatory, in the true Church of Christ; and this not only in the person of the citizens, but equally in that of the Authorities who represent civil society.
That the civil authority has the power to recognize the true Church of Christ is clear from the manifest signs of its divine institution and mission, signs given to the Church by its divine Founder. The civil authority also, and not only each of the citizens, has the duty of accepting the Revelation proposed by the Church itself. Likewise, in its legislation, it must conform itself to the precepts of the natural law and take a strict account of the positive laws, both divine and ecclesiastical, intended to lead men to supernatural happiness.
Just as no man can serve God in the manner established by Christ if he does not know clearly that God has spoken through Jesus Christ, likewise civil society itself cannot do this, if the citizens do not have at first a sure knowledge of the fact of Revelation, just like the civil authority, to the extent that it represents the people.
It is thus, in a very particular way, that the civil authority must protect the full liberty of the Church and not prevent it in any way from integrally carrying out its mission, either in the exercise of its sacred Magisterium, or in the arrangement and performance of its worship, or in the administration of the sacraments and the pastoral care of the faithful. The freedom of the Church must be recognized by the civil authority in everything that concerns its mission, especially in the choice and the formation of its aspirants to the priesthood; in the election of its bishops; in the free and mutual communication between the Roman Pontiff and the bishops and the faithful; in the foundation and the government of institutes of the religious life; in the publication and propagation of writings; in the possession and administration of temporal goods; as also, in a general way, in all those activities which the Church, without disregarding civil rights, judges appropriate for leading men towards their ultimate end, not making an exception of secular education, social works and so many other miscellaneous resources.
Finally, it devolves seriously upon the civil authority to exclude from legislation, government, and public activity everything which it would judge to be capable of impeding the Church from attaining its eternal end; indeed further, it must apply itself to facilitating the life which is founded on principles that are Christian and consistent at their highest point with this sublime end for which God has created men.
4. General principle of application of the doctrine set forth.
That the ecclesiastical authority and the civil power maintain different relations according to the manner in which the civil authority, personally representing the people, understands Christ and the Church founded by Him -- this is what the Church has always recognized.
5. Application in a Catholic City.
The whole doctrine, put forth above by the Holy Council, cannot be applied except in a city where the citizens not only are baptized but profess the Catholic Faith. In this case, it is the citizens themselves who freely choose that civil life be formed according to Catholic principles and that thus, as St. Gregory the Great says, "The road to Heaven be more widely opened."
Nevertheless, even in these fortunate conditions, the civil authority is not permitted in any way to compel consciences to accept the Faith revealed by God. Indeed, the Faith is essentially free and cannot be the object of any constraint, as the Church teaches by saying, "That no one be compelled to embrace the Catholic Faith unwillingly."
Still, this does not prevent the civil authority from having to procure the intellectual, social and moral conditions required in order that the faithful, even those less versed in knowledge, be able to persevere more easily in the Faith received. Thus then, in the same way that the civil authority judges that it has the right to protect public morality, likewise, in order to protect the citizens against the seductions of error, in order to keep the city in the unity of Faith, which is the supreme good and the source of manifold, even temporal, benefits, the civil authority can, by itself, regulate and moderate the public manifestations of other cults and defend its citizens against the spreading of false doctrines, which, in the judgment of the Church, put their eternal salvation at risk.
6. Religious tolerance in a Catholic city.
In this safeguarding of the true Faith, one must proceed according to the requirements of Christian charity and of prudence, in order that the dissidents be not alienated from the Church through terror, but rather drawn to it; and that neither the city nor the Church undergo any damage. Therefore, both the common good of the Church and the common good of the State always have to be considered, by virtue of which a just tolerance, even sanctioned by laws, can, according to the circumstances, be imposed onto the civil authority.
This, on the one hand, would be in order to avoid greater evils, such as scandal or civil war, a hindrance to conversion to the true Faith, and other evils of this kind; on the other hand, in order to obtain a greater good, like civil cooperation and the peaceful coexistence of citizens of different religions, a greater freedom for the Church, and a more effective accomplishment of its supernatural mission, and other similar goods.
In this question, there must be taken into consideration not only the good of national order, but the welfare of the universal Church (and of international civil welfare). By this tolerance, the Catholic authority imitates the example of divine Providence, which permits evils from which it draws greater goods. This tolerance is to be observed chiefly in countries where, for centuries, there have existed non-Catholic communities.
7. Application in a Non-Catholic City.
In the cities where a great part of the citizens do not profess the Catholic Faith or do not even know the fact of Revelation, the non-Catholic civil authority must, in matters of religion, conform at least to the precepts of the natural law. Under these conditions, this non-Catholic authority should concede civil liberty to all the forms of worship that are not opposed to natural religion. This liberty is not opposed in such a case to Catholic principles, it being given that it suits the good of the Church as well as that of the State.
In the cities where the Authorities do not profess the Catholic religion, the Catholic citizens have above all the duty to bring it about, through their virtues and civic actions. By means of these, united with their fellow citizens, they promote the common good of the State, that there be granted to the Church the full freedom to accomplish its divine mission. From the free action of the Church, indeed, the non-Catholic city also suffers no harm and even derives numerous and remarkable benefits. In this way, then, the Catholic citizens must do their best so that the Church and the civil authority, although still separated juridically, lend each other a mutual benevolent aid.
In order not to harm either the Church or the State through unconcern or imprudent zeal, the Catholic citizens, in the defense of the rights of God and of the Church, must submit to the judgment of the ecclesiastical authority: to it belongs judgment on the good of the Church, according to the diverse circumstances, and the directing of Catholic citizens in the civil actions intended to defend the altar.
8. Conclusion
The Holy Council recognizes that the principles of the mutual relations between the ecclesiastical authority and the civil authority must not be applied otherwise than according to the rule of conduct given forth above. Nevertheless, it cannot permit these same principles to be obscured by some false laicism, even under pretext of the common good.
These principles, indeed, rest on the absolute and firm rights of God; on the unchangeable constitution and mission of the Church; also on the social nature of man, which, remaining always the same throughout the centuries, determines the essential purpose of civil society itself, notwithstanding the diversity of political systems and the other vicissitudes of history.
[KW note] Magisterium. "The perennial, authentic, and infallible teaching office committed to the Apostles by Christ and now possessed and exercised by their legitimate successors, the college of bishops in union with the pope." Source.
[KW note] 1789 is a reference to the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which furthered the separation between Church and State to the detriment of both.
Poor diet is a factor in one in five deaths around the world,
according to the most comprehensive study ever carried out on the subject.
It's the 20% that I found stunning. I mean I realize that a poor diet, like a fast-food diet, will wreak havoc on our hormones, nerves, muscles, digestion, stamina, and cognition. But what constitutes a bad diet? And can a good diet not only eliminate that one in five deaths but can it reverse it, say, to increase one's lifespan by 20%?
As to what a bad diet is, the Guardian has an answer:
Millions of people are eating the wrong sorts of food for good
health.
Uh-oh. How many of us have doubted whether that whole grain bagel with cream cheese was not good for us? I know I did. I avoid bread like the plague. It has a sticky effect on my muscles.
Eating a diet that is low in whole grains, fruit, nuts and seeds and
fish oils and high in salt raises the risk of an early death, according to the
huge and ongoing study Global Burden of Disease.
It finds that people are living longer. Life expectancy in 2016 worldwide was
75.3 years for women and 69.8 for men. Japan has the highest life expectancy at
84 years and the Central African Republic has the lowest at just over 50. In
the UK, life expectancy for a man born in 2016 is 79, and for a woman 82.9.
I am sure that there are many factors for the differences, but certainly iron management [here, here, and here] is one reason why women tend to outlive men.
This was stunning--
Diet is the second highest risk factor for early death after
smoking.
But there are other deadly conditions that are related to eating the wrong foods. I know that it's not good to eat meat with grains or refined carbohydrates. Your body actually really, really needs the enzymes in vegetables to help you digest that meat. And I would not advise the ketogenic diet where you eat a high-fat, adequate meat all the time. I am sure that coconut oil is good for you. How much and how often is another thing, regardless if these are "ancient foods."
Other high risks are high blood glucose which can lead to diabetes,
high blood pressure, high body mass index (BMI) which is a measure of obesity,
and high total cholesterol. All of these can be related to eating the wrong
foods, although there are also other causes.
The good doctor agrees with me.
“This is really large,” Dr Christopher
Murray, IHME’s director, told the Guardian. “It is amongst the really big
problems in the world. It is a cluster that is getting worse.” While obesity
gets attention, he was not sure policymakers were as focused on the area of
diet and health as they needed to be.
So Dr. Murray wants less attention given to obesity and more to specific foods eaten for specific conditions or purposes, like energy, weight loss, etc.? If that is the case, then why not read Dr. Barry Sears books on the Zone Diet?
“That constellation is a really, really
big challenge for health and health systems,” he said.
Okay. No argument there with that extremely general statement.
The
problem is often seen as the spread of western diets, taking over from
traditional foods in the developing world. But it is not that simple, says
Murray. “Take fruit. It has lots of health benefits but only very wealthy
people eat a lot of fruit, with some exceptions.”
Sugary
drinks are harmful to health but eating a lot of red meat, the study finds, is
not as big a risk to health as failing to eat whole grains. “We need to look
really carefully at what are the healthy compounds in diets that provide
protection,” he said.
Well, like most of these health articles they don't really commit to much in the general press, and if they do the claims are often so general so as to not mean much. In fact, from a psychological standpoint, the ambiguity in the articles themselves misleads people away from precision eating for precise healthy goals and toward binge or junk eating. Note what Dr. Murray just said, "Sugary drinks are harmful to health but eating a lot of red meat, the study finds, is not as big a risk to health as failing to eat whole grains." The article started out by saying
Eating a diet that is low in whole grains, fruit, nuts and seeds and fish oils and high in salt raises the risk of an early death, according to the huge and ongoing study Global Burden of Disease.
And now Dr. Murray, the IHME’s director, calls for people to eat "whole grains." Phenomenal. Phenomenally bad. Is this typical of The Guardian to gas its readers?
Prof John Newton, director of health improvement at Public Health England,
said the studies show how quickly diet and obesity-related disease is spreading
around the world. “I don’t think people realize how quickly the focus is
shifting towards non-communicable disease [such as cancer, heart disease and
stroke] and diseases that come with development, in particular related to poor
diet. The numbers are quite shocking in my view,” he said.
That sounds like a sales pitch for sustainability.
The UK tracks childhood obesity through the school measurement program and has brought in measures to try to tackle it. “But no country in
the world has been able to solve the problem and it is a concern that we really
need to think about tackling globally,” he said.
No one has "tackled it" because food, like so many personal decision a person makes in his daily life is, well, personal.
Today, 72% of deaths are from non-communicable diseases for
which obesity and diet are among the risk factors, with ischemic heart disease
as the leading cause worldwide of early deaths, including in the UK. Lung
cancer, stroke, lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) and
Alzheimer’s are the other main causes in the UK.
So what? That paragraph reads like something dated in 1982. There is some news of optimism here:
The success story is children under five. In 2016, for the first
time in modern history, fewer than 5 million children under five died in one
year – a significant fall compared with 1990, when 11 million died. Increased
education for women, less poverty, having fewer children, vaccinations,
anti-malaria bed-nets, improved water and sanitation are among the changes in
low-income countries that have brought the death rate down, thanks to
development aid.
See, the last part of that paragraph, particularly the part about development aid, sounded to me a lot like a pitch for sustainability.
People are living longer but spending more years in ill health.
Maybe because they've not managed the accumulation of heavy minerals, like iron and calcium, well.
Obesity is one of the major reasons. More than a billion people worldwide are
living with mental health and substance misuse disorders. Depression features
in the top 10 causes of ill health in all but four countries.
“Our findings indicate people are living longer and, over the
past decade, we identified substantial progress in driving down death rates
from some of the world’s most pernicious diseases and conditions, such as under
age-five mortality and malaria,” said Murray “Yet, despite this progress, we
are facing a triad of trouble holding back many nations and communities –
obesity, conflict, and mental illness, including substance use disorders.”
By adding a reference to "conflict," it has become clearer that this article is less about health than it is about a call for more Development Aid or Farm Aid or Aid by any other name from the UK or the US. And as Dr. Murray calls for more aid, he does not heed the cautionary tale on aid from experts on the ground. Aid does not work, one, to develop those countries. See here. And if development is stymied because of the aid, then how is aid going to reduce obesity? On US Aid, see Michael S. Rozeff
If the U.S. government props up client states with aid, floods
their markets with American agricultural goods, underwrites military purchases,
introduces Keynesian economic practices, and provides disaster aid, this is
supposed to make the people wealthier and reduce political strife. If the
country becomes more indebted to the IMF and World Bank, building unprofitable
signature projects, this is supposed to raise living standards, making people
content and happy. And all of that improvement, which actually doesn’t happen,
is supposed to make Americans more secure and prosperous, a very far-fetched
theory.
Intra-domestic
wealth transfers in the U.S. likewise have done more harm than good, producing
greater dependency, worse education, more red tape, and higher debt while
undercutting private capital growth that might have involved job creation. Why
are we not to expect that foreign wealth transfers are likewise doing more harm
than good?
USAID was
enacted under the theory that reducing poverty would reduce the appeal of
communism. That theory was wrong even when communism was viewed as a threat to
America. It’s completely out of date now.
This is why for me any discussion about the insertion or the insinuation of foreign is fraught with suspicion. What measurable good comes from it and to whom is that good accountable?
In the UK, the concern is particularly about the increase in
ill-health that prevents people from working or having a fulfilling life, said
Newton.
Okay, this is just startling. Since when did pundits or bureaucrats or politicians ever worry about its citizens from, and let me quote, "having a fulfilling life"? Really? Laughable.
A man in the UK born in 2016 can expect only 69 years in good health
and a woman 71 years.
Same for the U.S. So what?
“This is yet another reminder that while we’re living longer,
much of that extra time is spent in ill-health. It underlines the importance of
preventing the conditions that keep people out of work and put their long term
health in jeopardy, like musculoskeletal problems, poor hearing and mental ill
health. Our priority is to help people, including during the crucial early
years of life and in middle age, to give them the best chance of a long and
healthy later life,” he said.
"Our priority is to help people"? Really? Which people? Those cronies connected to Aid and Development programs or former Prime Minister, Tony Blair?